According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, this absorption failure makes B12 injections the primary and most effective treatment, as they deliver the nutrient directly where your body can use it, bypassing the digestive system entirely
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Despite its favorable safety record, researchers should note the possibility of injection-related side effects like inflammation, itching, swelling, or pain at the site of injection
One approach, he said, involves packaging peptides inside nanoparticles, microscopic carriers designed to protect the drugs and help deliver them more effectively to their intended targets