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Common analytical methods include HPLC, mass spectrometry, molecular weight analysis, and analytical assay verification
Building upon this core machinery, the glucosinolate pathway involves three additional enzymatic modules completing metabolic transformation: (1) CYP83A1 converts aliphatic aldoximes to thiohydroximates, (2) UGT74B1 mediates glycosylation of sulfated intermediates (requiring prior sulfation by SOT17/18), (3) the myrosinase-TGG1/2 system, in concert with epitope-specific proteins (ESPs), hydrolyzes stored glucosinolates into bioactive compounds like SFN upon tissue damage (41)
Both endogenous and exogenous forms of vit-D are inactive and require two successive hydroxylation steps by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to form fully active vit-D
The answer lies in the "first-pass effect." When glutathione is taken orally, it is often broken down by enzymes in the stomach and liver before it can reach the bloodstream in therapeutic concentrations
