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Several neurocognitive peptides have shown memory and cognition effects in animal models and small human studies, primarily through pathways involving BDNF, nerve growth factor, and synaptic plasticity

"Some of the side effects we found, like nausea, are well known, and that shows that the method is picking up a real signal," says Sharath Chandra Guntuku, Research Associate Professor in Computer and Information Science (CIS) at Penn Engineering and the study's senior author

Several years ago, scientists took a close look at GLP-1 drugs, such as Ozempic, and learned that they were good at helping people lose weight

The neuroprotective effects are linked to the activation of the cAMP/PKA/pCREB pathway [45]