W., Zarghami, N., Hanifehpour, Y., & Nejati-Koshki, K
These three actives have indeed shown that they are capable of improving microcirculation, via different mechanisms: caffeine accelerates blood circulation, vitamin K strengthens vascular walls, thus promoting lymphatic drainage and microcirculation, and immortelle essential oil inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide, a compound contributing to fluid stagnation
A major observational study published in mid-2025 found that diabetic patients taking GLP-1 drugs faced a two- to threefold higher risk of developing nAMD compared to non-users
They also reported a 25 per cent lower risk of depression, compared with menopausal hormone therapy alone