NHS approach to B12 deficiency: NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries recommend investigating B12 deficiency in patients presenting with macrocytic anaemia, unexplained neurological symptoms, or risk factors including pernicious anaemia, gastrectomy, malabsorption disorders, metformin use, proton pump inhibitors, or nitrous oxide exposure
However, patients may notice darker yellow urine due to dehydration caused by the medication's common gastrointestinal effects, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea
Patients who want a more comprehensive, nutrient-supported approach to weight management often appreciate the inclusion of choline in their overall program
Also, the study has some limitations, such as the fact that the researchers only used aged female mice for their experiments