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In addition to cytokine targets and chemokine targets, several important proteins participate in inflammatory cellular pathways as well, such as JAK and IRAK-4

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179124 500 LoebelMStrohscheinKGianniniCKoelschUBauerSDoebisCet al

In experiments with normal dermal fibroblasts, AHK was observed to apparently boost both cell growth and viability, alongside enhancing collagen type I production

Researcher Loren Pickart, PhD, who first isolated GHK from human plasma, described it as having a "profound effect on the reset of human genes toward a more youthful state." More recent genomic analyses confirm that GHK-Cu shifts gene expression patterns in aging tissue toward patterns characteristic of much younger tissue effectively acting as a biological reset at the cellular level