Diabetic patients exhibit elevated chronic oxidative stress and inflammation (Li et al., 2025), exacerbating MIRI injury with larger infarcts and poorer outcomes (Sztolsztener et al., 2022), potentially due to hyperactive ROS sources and impaired defenses
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Indeed, GSH, Trx, Grx, Prx (together with the enzymes catalyzing their reduction), and the enzymatic antioxidant defense, as a whole, concur to modulate either ROS concentration, or the availability of cellular thiols, thus regulating the function of a large number of proteins implicated in the induction and/or execution of redox-sensitive pathways