AMPK antagonizes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, and its downstream effector, p27, inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), thereby blocking the G1/S transition in the cell cycle, halting cell division, and subsequently inhibiting cellular proliferation [57]
Other Effects Although not significant in all studies, post-hoc analysis of the placebo-controlled studies in phase III showed that DPP-4 inhibitors slightly lower blood pressure, improve post-prandial and fasting lipemia, reduce inflammatory markers, diminish oxidative stress, improve endothelial function, and reduce platelet aggregation in type 2 diabetes (122)
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