In other words, glutathione also protects the cell from the outside, not simply from ROS forming on the inside of the cell
For this reason, patients with a history of immunoglobulin (Ig) Emediated (allergic or anaphylactic) reaction to a sulfonamide antibiotic can receive nonantimicrobial sulfonamides such as celecoxib, chlorthiazide, furosemide, and others without elevated risk of an IgE-mediated reaction compared with the general population
For TB-500, the status is similar (Investigational New Drug in the US) with very limited human data
The most studied mechanisms include: upregulation of growth hormone receptors in fibroblasts (increasing sensitivity to healing signals), activation of the FAK-paxillin pathway (promoting cell adhesion and migration), modulation of the nitric oxide system through Src-Caveolin-1-eNOS phosphorylation (enhancing vascular function), and dual activation of the Egr-1/NAB2 gene loop (promoting organized, non-chaotic blood vessel growth)