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What is already known: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has 3 subtypes, including constipation-predominant, diarrhea-predominant and mixed, each with distinct pathophysiology Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for diabetes, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, but are often associated with gastrointestinal side-effects, influencing treatment adherence Real-world data on how patients with IBS tolerate GLP-1RAs are scarce What the new findings are: One-third of IBS patients prescribed GLP-1RAs for different indications switched from their initial agent, suggesting potential challenges in terms of tolerability or efficacy IBS-M showed the highest GLP-1RA discontinuation and switching rates in real-world practice Liraglutide was associated with better tolerance compared to semaglutide, with early discontinuations driven by coverage-related issues, while later discontinuations owing to side-effects or non-response In individualized GLP-1RA therapy, accounting for IBS subtype, patient-related factors are crucial for better adherence and outcomes We thank and appreciate the University of Missouri Kansas City IT department and the Department of Gastroenterology for providing their support that made this research possible
In practice, BPC-157 is most commonly combined with: TB-500: Works through the actin-sequestration pathway rather than VEGF, making the two mechanistically complementary for tissue repair GHK-Cu: Copper peptide with documented effects on collagen remodelling and wound repair, often considered when skin and connective tissue quality are part of the picture Stacking should serve a clear clinical rationale
Ledisa GLP-1 patches are designed to be worn for up to 8 hours
Science 332 , 970974 (2011)
