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Perimenopause is defined by hormonal fluctuations, not the absence of periods

Tynan J et al

Vladimir Khavinson, who now heads the Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology [1]

(Endocrinology, 2010), demonstrated a strong species-dependent effect: In rodents: High GLP-1 receptor expression in thyroid C-cells Strong cAMP signaling activation Persistent stimulation leads to tumor formation In humans and primates: Minimal or absent functional GLP-1 receptor expression in C-cells No meaningful calcitonin elevation under therapeutic exposure No observed C-cell proliferation in long-term studies Even exposure levels far exceeding clinical doses failed to reproduce rodent-like thyroid effects in primate models