L., Durn-Verdugo, F., Valds-Jimnez, A., Nez-Vivanco, G
Groups at increased risk of B12 deficiency include: Vegans and strict vegetarians , who avoid all animal products and are at significant risk without supplementation or fortified foods Older adults , in whom reduced stomach acid production impairs B12 absorption People with pernicious anaemia , an autoimmune condition that destroys intrinsic factor-producing cells Those who have undergone gastric surgery , including bariatric procedures, which can reduce intrinsic factor availability Individuals taking long-term metformin for type 2 diabetes, as this medication is associated with reduced B12 absorption the MHRA has issued specific safety advice on monitoring B12 levels in this group [6] [7] People with conditions affecting the small intestine , such as Crohn's disease or coeliac disease Symptoms of B12 deficiency can include fatigue, weakness, pins and needles, memory difficulties, and a sore or inflamed tongue (glossitis)

"We need more large-scale studies to determine its place in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Always talk with your doctor before starting any new supplement likeastaxanthin
There is also a theoretical risk of increased incidence of skin cancer with loss of melanin in previously protected individuals