Peptide origin / Partial sequence of human gastric protein BPC, isolated from gastric juice Molecular weight / Approximately 1,419 Da (15 amino acids) Common off-label oral dose / 250 to 500 mcg twice daily, taken on an empty stomach Common off-label subcutaneous dose / 200 to 300 mcg once or twice daily near the affected area or abdominally Evidence level / Preclinical only (GRADE: very low certainty for human GI healing) Key preclinical finding / Accelerated gastric ulcer healing in rats within 24 to 72 hours across multiple models Route preference for GI targets / Oral administration, based on topical mucosal contact rationale Safety profile in humans / Largely unknown
Liver, kidney, and electrolytes Tests like ALT for liver function, creatinine and BUN for kidney health, and electrolytes give a snapshot of overall metabolic health
Tissue Remodeling GHK-Cu helps coordinate the breakdown of old, damaged tissue and the creation of new, healthy tissue
Established CVD Only two trials, one with semaglutide 17 and one with naltrexone plus bupropion 18 , were designed to explore the effects on cardiovascular safety in patients with obesity