Sikiric's lab in Croatia) No independent replication No competing research Raises red flags about bias Human data: ONE small retrospective study (not a randomized trial) No large-scale clinical trials No safety studies Unknown dosing Unknown side effects Recent systematic review (2024): Published in orthopaedic literature, concluded: "BPC-157 has potential based on preclinical data, but there is a concerning lack of published clinical trial data because studies appear to have been cancelled or stopped without publication." Reported Side Effects (From Online Users): Anonymous reports include: Injection site pain and swelling Joint pain Anxiety and panic attacks Heart palpitations Insomnia or drowsiness Fatigue and weakness Loss of appetite Depression and anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) Note: These are anecdotal, not from clinical trials

Subsequent trials, including SUSTAIN-6, Harmony Outcomes, and AMPLITUDE-O, reported similar MACE reductions but without a mortality benefit [15,16,17]
In BLM-PH model, evaluated DPP-4 and GLP-1 were noted in PH rats, which were significantly inhibited by liraglutide treatment (Fig
Gilbert MP, Pratley RE (2020) GLP-1 analogs and DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes therapy: review of Head-to-head clinical trials