Mendelian randomization evidence indicates that elevated KYN levels have a causal relationship with increased risk of depression, with each standard deviation increase in KYN corresponding to ~ 1.4-fold higher odds of developing depression [50]
It may be important to include measurements of biomarkers of oxidative damage (e.g., products of DNA and lipid oxidation, such as 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG, or F 2 -isoprostanes) in observational studies, suggesting that the therapeutic benefit may actually be associated with an antioxidant effect (Moosmann and Behl, 2002
This gap highlights the clinical need for targeted nutritional counseling and, when necessary, supplementation
Endocrinology Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders 2023 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00855-y PMID: 37365323 Sweeney P, Gimenez LE, Hernandez CC, et al