Patients with evidence of vitamin B 12 deficiency and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia, recurrent peptic ulcer disease, or diarrhea may warrant evaluation for such entities as Whipple's disease (a rare bacterial infection that impairs absorption), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma causing peptic ulcer and diarrhea), or Crohn's disease
While singly-housed animals may experience stress that impacts metabolism, body weight, and adiposity 65,66,67,68,69 , the singly-housed animals in this study were treated identically (to the best of the experimenters ability) to minimize and equalize stress across all animals and reduce confounding variables
Unlike GLP-1 receptor agonists, which are synthetic pharmaceutical drugs, the therapeutic peptides used in functional medicine work by supporting the bodys own physiological processes rather than overriding them
In a liposomal supplement, glutathione molecules are enclosed in tiny fat-based particles called liposomes, which are made from phospholipids