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This becomes particularly important for patients on Mounjaro, as adequate hydration can help manage some of the medication's gastrointestinal side effects and support kidney function

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Upon exposure to gut-derived PAMPs, cholangiocytes respond through pattern recognition receptors and produce chemokines and cytokines, which further recruit and activate local immune cells and promote inflammation and periductal fibrosis [302, 303]

GLP-1 agonists are not a replacement for established HS treatments but may serve as an important adjunct, particularly in patients struggling with both HS and metabolic health issues.