In vivo studies show that muscle-specific triple knockout of FoxO1/3/4 abolishes the induction of 29 atrogenes-including E3 ligases, autophagy mediators, deubiquitinases (e.g., USP14), and proteasome subunits (e.g., Psmd11)-under catabolic stimuli, preserving muscle mass and strength (Sanchez et al., 2014)
Tamoxifen has been clinically used in ER-positive breast cancers as an antagonist of estrogen signaling in mammary epithelial cells
I think were all excited about the benefits of these things in the future, but gosh, I mean, the concept of the fact that you dont even know what youre buying and youre just getting this from a compound pharmacy with no regulation and no oversight, thats the scariest thing, because youre injecting this into your body
Takeuchi K, Okada M, Ueshima K, Ohuchi T, and Okabe S (1993)