demonstrated an acute improvement in post meal glucose levels, despite no increases in insulin release
### The Real First-Year Cost | Phase | Duration | Cost Range | |-------|----------|-----------| | Titration (1-4mg) | Months 1-3 | $500-900 | | Therapeutic (4-8mg) | Months 4-12 | $2,400-4,500 | | **Year 1 Total** | 12 months | **$2,900-5,400** | That works out to roughly $8-15 per day

1).29,32 With respect to the vascular system, rGLP-1 activation induces modest decreases in blood pressure,33,34 it has a vasodilator effect, improves arterial stiffness, and prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation-and has plaque stabilizing effects-through its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects as demonstrated in animal models.29,32,3538 Despite controversies about rGLP-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, studies have shown that arGLP-1 has antiproliferative effects on these cells,39 reduces oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, and increases nitric oxide production in experimental models.3540 In the heart they produce a discrete increase in heart rate (24 beats/min), although this does not seem to be associated with an increase in arrhythmias or cardiovascular events
It changes the population being observed