In a mouse model of Sjgrens syndrome, pharmacological inhibition of Cyp51a1 with ketoconazole suppressed CD4 T cell activation and proliferation, reduced T cell infiltration in salivary gland lesions, and alleviated disease symptoms [33]
There is no single published list of FDA-approved peptides, but the category of formally approved peptide-based drugs includes GLP-1 receptor agonists (Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, Zepbound), insulin analogues, leuprolide, vasopressin analogues, oxytocin, and several others used in endocrinology and oncology
Most peptides discussed in muscle research influence growth hormone pathways rather than directly increasing testosterone
Oral and some research doses use micrograms