Chronic conditions and long-standing injuries often fall into this category
NNMT expression is significantly upregulated in white adipose tissue during obesity (3-5 fold) and increases with age across multiple tissues, creating a metabolic drain on both the NAD+ pool and the methylation budget
Pros: Naturally occurring in the body, giving it a favorable long-term safety profile compared to many synthetic peptides Backed by decades of published research on collagen synthesis, wound healing, and antioxidant activity Available in both topical (cosmetic-legal) and injectable forms depending on desired intensity Cons: Injectable/research-grade product is not standardized or quality-controlled the way pharmaceuticals are, so purity varies significantly by vendor High topical concentrations can cause skin irritation, and there is limited long-term human trial data for injectable use Side Effects: Topical use is generally well tolerated, with occasional mild redness, tingling, or dryness at the application site
In addition, BPC 157 could promote VEGFR2 internalization in vascular endothelial cells which was blocked in the presence of dynasore, an inhibitor of endocytosis