A 2025 systematic review published in Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine , covering 36 studies from 1993 to 2024, found that BPC-157 promotes healing by boosting growth factors and reducing inflammation, with improved outcomes across muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone injury models in animals.4 The peptide enhances growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts a key mechanism for tissue repair and regeneration.5 In the only published human orthopaedic data, seven of twelve patients with chronic knee pain reported relief lasting more than six months after a single BPC-157 injection.4 That is a small sample
[7] By inhibiting Caspase-3, Epithalon might contribute to cellular longevity and reduced apoptosis, which may complement its regenerative potential, yet this hypothesis demands more comprehensive research for validation
Bile acid-gut microbiota crosstalk in irritable bowel syndrome
In animal models, BPC-157 has been shown to promote the healing of muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries