This work was funded by: TS (Baylor College of Medicine, U01-AI24290, P01-AI152999, NINR R01-NR013497, and NIDDK P30-DK56338), SJW (NIDDK 1R41DK119052-01 and NIA P30-AG024832 [PI: E
muciniphila is a mucin-degrading, acetate and propionate-producing bacterium residing in the mucus layer, thus being in relative close proximity to the intestinal epithelial layer (195), hence having the potential capacity to activate GPR43
However, due to the large molecular size, topical glutathione may have limited skin penetration, though it can still support skin health when combined with other active ingredients like vitamin C, kojic acid, or niacinamide
This enzyme is the key driver of melanin production