Inhibition of incretins by DPP-4 inhibitors prolongs the half-life of incretins (GLP-1 & GIP) and is associated with increased insulin release & reduced glucagon release
Nasca's animal studies suggest that acetyl-L-carnitine, a crucial mediator of fat metabolism and energy production throughout the body, plays a special role in the brain, where it works at least in part by preventing the excessive firing of excitatory nerve cells in brain regions called the hippocampus and frontal cortex
Especially when it causes hypertrophic pachymeningitis, orbital inflammation, or pituitary involvement
Elsabbagh M, Divan G, Koh YJ, Kim YS, Kauchali S, Marcn C, Montiel-Nava C, Patel V et al (2012) Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders