While mutations of ETC proteins are rarely linked as a direct cause of PD (except for UQCRC1), impaired ETC proteins may not only lead to excessive ROS production, but also cause impeded mitophagy, -Syn aggregation, and apoptosis in PD pathogenesis
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[1] [3] The injection bypasses the gastrointestinal tract entirely, making it particularly effective for patients with absorption problems such as pernicious anaemia or those who have undergone gastric surgery
Like trying to increase water pressure in a house while someone holds the main valve shut