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Complete blood cell counts remained within normal limits for all samples taken on days 0, 7, and 14, suggesting that topical applications of TCC and zinc oxide did not result in systemic abnormalities

The treatment group exhibited faster re-epithelialization and reduced scarring compared to controls, demonstrating GHK-Cus value in post-procedure formulations (Abdulghani et al., 1998)

No equilibration step was included before measurements

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) represent the principal effector cells of this process, with glucose uptake primarily dependent on GLUT1 ( 4.1.2 Macrophages In the pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), macrophage infiltration and polarization are considered pivotal events ( Recent studies further emphasize that macrophage polarization is not solely determined by single metabolic cues but by the integrated influence of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism